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Subtraction Without Borrowing

I have written a procedure for dynamic subtraction, in which borrowing is replaced by dynamic addition and the subtraction that has to be done is much simpler: it is done within each place-value column, in any order; that is, subtracting the single-digit numbers in each column is completely independent of anything you do in any of the other columns. You can read more about it iin the following sites:

  1. Simplified Procedure
  2. Original (light) Procedure
  3. PDF download of this original version
  4. Detailed Explanation (download a PDF file)
  1. Subtraction Without Borrowing (my article)

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